Electric meter.



F. M. VOGEL.

ELECTRIC METER.

APPLICATION TILED SEPT. 14, 1904.

941,436. Patented Nov. 30; 1909.

"III

Frederick Abgeh 1 tIUL "ST s TNT orrrc.

FREDERICK 1V1. VOGEL, OF LYNN, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR TO GENERALELECTRIC COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

ELECTRIC METER.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known'that I, FREDERICK M. VoeEL, a citizen of the United States,residing at Lynn, in the county of Essex and State of Massachusetts,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Electric Meters, ofwhich the following is a specification.

My invention relates to meters for electric currents and its object isto provide a simple and accurate meter for measuring the watts. in anelectric circuit tarrying alternating current. v

I have discovered that if a meter is made up of a rotatable member andtwo magnetic circuits acting thereon, each completely surrounded byshunt and series windings, the two windings, acting in conjunction onone magnetic circuit and in opposition on the other, together withtorque-producing means energized inductively by the current induced inthe rotatable member, such an arrangement will measure the trueenergy inalternating-current circuits provided the coiiperating torque-producingmeans are so lo cated that the torques produced at the two magneticcircuits oppose each other.

It is well understood in the art that if a rotatable disk be subjectedto an alternating current flux and if. a stationary short-circuitedconductor be placed adjacent to the disk and in inductive relationthereto, the currents induced by the flux in the disk and in theconductor will exert a mutual torque tending to rotate the disk. Byproviding in cooperative relation to each magnetic cir-- cuit twosimilar torque-producing means in the shape of two similarsho'rt-circui-ted conductors subjected to a flux proportional to one ofthe factors to be measured, such as the potential, and positioning theconductors so that they exert equal and opposite torques upon the diskand providing means for producing a flux proportional to the otherfactor of the quantity to be measured, such that the flux through one ofthe secondaries is increased and that through the other is diminished,an unbalancing of the torques is consequently produced proportional tothe product of both factors, and the resultant torque consequentlyvaries directly with the watts ,in the circuit.

My invention consists in a novel arrangement of the'meter windingsadapted to produce an operation of the meter in accordance with theabove principles. p

circuited Specification of Letters Patent. Patented NOV. 30, 1909;Application filed September 14, 1904. Serial No. 224,361.

conductor; and Fig. 3 shows a modification in which the fluxes threadingthe two shortconductors are. entirely independent.

Referring first to Figs. 1 and 2, A represents a source or reservoir ofalternating current, the output or input of which is to bevmeasured. 1:represents a potential coil connected in shunt to the apparatus A andmounted on a U-shaped core B. B repre-- sents a second U-shaped corefacing the first and carrying two series coils S S. D-represents aconducting disk rotatably mounted between the two cores on the shaft (1.C 0 represent two short-circuited conductors po-' sitioned as shown inFig. 2. E represents the usual recording mechanism driven by the disk D.It will be seen that the flux produced by the potential coil P willinduce currents both in disk D and in the conductors C C. l urthermore,a torque will be roduced between the currents in the disk and thecurrent in each conductor-C, but since the conductors C C are oppositelyand symmetrically displaced with reference to the poles of the core B-and since they are equi-distant from shaft d, the torques exerted by theconductors upon the disk due to the potential fiux will be equal andopposite.

No rotation willb'e produced as long as no current is flowing throughthe series coils S S.

It will be seen that the series coils S S are wound oppositely withrespect to core 13, that'is,.thcy tend to produce the same polarities atboth poles of the core 13'. The potential coil P on the other handproduces unlike polarities at the poles of the core B, and consequentlyone of the series coils S acts to 'weaken the flux through the closedconductor 0 opposite to it, while the other coil acts to strengthen theflux through the other conductor C. The balance between thetorquesexerted the two conductors both to the flux produced by thepotential accurately measures the watts in the circuit. Y

coil and that flux produced by the component of current inthe seriescoils in phase with the voltage. In other words, the meter It will beseen that since the series coils J Completely surround the magneticpaths pf a the shunt fluxes cuttingthe disk no torque whatever would beproduced if 1t were not for the short-cireuited conductors C. If

' similar coils P and S.

and S" are oppositely wound with reference these conductors wereremoved, there would simply be two'independent pulsating fluxesthreading the disk, whigja would induce currents in the disk which tendbe symmetrical with respect to each point at which the disk was threadedby the fluxes, and the fluxes Fig. 3 shows a modification in which. thefluxes threading the two coils O. C are entirely distinct. Two C-shapedcores F F are employed, each arranged with its poles on opposite sidesof the disk adjacent to one of the conductors C C. Two potential coilsand two series coils are employed, the core F carrying-the potentialcoil 1 and the series coil S, and the core F carrying the The two coilsS to the potential coils, as in the former arrangement, and theoperation is the same as has already been described, the potential coilstending to produce equal fluxes through the short-circuited conductorswhich in turn produce opposing torques, and the series coils acting tostrengthen the, flux through one short-circuited conductor and to weakenit'through the other. When the two magtwo torques is secured.

netic circuits are distinct, as in Fig. 3, it is obvious that they neednot be arranged to act upon the same disk, as long as they act on thesame rotatable member so that a resultant torque equal to the diflerenceof the Other modifications may be employed without departing from thespirit of my invention an Ilaim in the appended claims to cover allsuchmodifications. What I claim as new and desire to secure by LettersPatent of the United States, is,

1. In a meter for alternat ng currents, a

rotatable conducting member, potential e ual uxes threadin' windin sarranged to produce normally said memberlat two p aces, twp similar sort-circuited eonductors arranged to be energized by said fluxes and"displaced. therefrom symmetrically but oppositely, andseries windingscompletely surrounding the magnetic paths for the po- 'tential fluxesand arranged to oppose the place and assist it at places, two similarshort-circuited condnctors arranged to be energized by said fluxes anddisplaced therefrom symmetrically but oppositely, and series windingscompletely surrounding the magnetic-paths for the potential fluxes andarranged to vary the relative strength of the fluxes threading saidconductors.

3. In an alternating-current meter, a rotatable conducting member,potential windings, series windings completely surrounding the magneticpaths of the'fluxes produced by the potential winding and arranged toproduce with the potential windings oint fluxes threading said member attwo places, said windings opposing each other at one place and assistingeach other at the other place, and two similar short-circuitedconductors arranged to be energized by said fluxes respectively anddisplaced symmetrically but oppositely therefrom.

4. In an alternating-current meter, at rotatable conducting member, twoindependent magnetic circuits threading said member, potential windings,series windings completely surrounding the magnetic paths of the fluxesproduced by the potential windings and arranged to assist the potentialwinding in energizing one of said circuits and to oppose the potentialwinding in energizing the other circuit, and two similar short-cireuitedconductors adjacent to said rotatable member and symmetrically butoppositely displaced from the axes of said magnetic circuits.

5. In an alternating-current meter, a 1'0- tatable conducting member,two magnetic circuits threading said member, potential windings, serieswindings completely surrounding the magnetic paths of the fluxesproduced by the potential windin s and arranged to assist the potentialwin ing in energizmg one of said circuits and to 0ppose the potentialwinding in ener izing the other clrcuit, and short-circuited conductorsadjacent to said rotatable member and oppositely-displaced from the axesof said magnetic circuits.

6. In an alternatmg-current meter, a rotatable conducting member, twomagneticcircuits threading said member, potential windings, serieswindings completely surrounding the magnetic paths of the fluxesproduced by the potential windings and arranged to assist the potentialwinding in} energizingone ofsaid circuits and to oppose the potentialWinding ener izing the other circuit,'and a'short-circuite conductoroperatively related to each of said magnetic circuits, the saidconductors being located adjacent to the rotatable member. and sopositioned with respect to the. axes'of the magnetic circuits as toproduce opposing torqmes on the said memb 7. In a meter for alternatingcurrents, ,a' rotatable conducting member, two magnetic said member,shunt and circuits threading series wmdin s the series 'win ingsurrounding the magnetic path of theshuntjflux 111 .each circuit andopposing said fiuxin one circuit and assisting it in the other, andtorque-producing means separated from the said magnet c circuits'anddisplaced in relation thereto, in

lnductive'relation to the secondary currents.

induced 'in said rotatable member and cooperating therewith toproduceopposing torques onsaid member.

8. In a meter for alternating-currents, a rotatable conducting member,two independend magnetic ci'rcuits threading said member, shunt and.ser1'es w1nd1ngs for each circuit, the serles winding surround ng theor each magnetic circuit,-

magnetic path of the shunt flux 'in each circuit and opposing said flux,in one circuit and assisting it in'the other, and means separated fromsaid magnetic circuits and displaced in relation thereto for reactingupon'the flux produced by the induced cur rents in said member. 7 a

9. In a meter for alternating-currents, a rotatable conducting member,two independendmagnetic circults threading said member, shunt and serieswindings ,for each;

circuit,.the series winding surrounding the .Witnesses JOHN .-A.McMANUs,-Jr.,

HENRY O. WESTENDARP.

FREDERICK M. VOGELQ I

